Chem 125 Home Page

What's New:

Final Exam May 3, 2001 (pdf)


Energy Mnemonic for Conjugated Systems (preliminary)

Linear Free Energy Plot

Common-Ion Rate Suppression shows Intermediate (SN1)

Pentavalent Carbon Cation and SN2

Potential Energy Surfaces & Dynamics

Trajectory Diagrams

Answer Key for Fall Final (zipped Word Document)

Statistics of the Boltzmann Factor and Entropy
(
math for the above)

Planck and Quanta (1900)

Topicity

Chiral Drugs: Thalidomide & Ritalin (try the problem at the end)

Butane Strain according to Chem3D


The Excel spreadsheet we worked on in class to illustrate where average bond energies come from is available for download under Materials at Classes.Yale.edu. The name of the compressed file is DHCombustion.hqx.

Chem3D Problems for Monday

Warning about non-spherical atoms

Thoughts on the Utility of Computation, Experiment & History


The Bürgi-Dunitz Angle

History (how we learned about organic chemistry)

Why we study chemical history
Prerevolutionary contributions - Scheele

Lavoisier & the Chemical Revolution: Analysis
(Questions indicated by *)
Portrait (note the problem re. Fig. 10)
Preface (1789)
Elements & Oxidation *2
How to determine Gas Density
Calorimeter *4
Combustion of Phosphorus and Carbon *4
Quantitative Chemical "Formulae" *4

Combustion Analysis Lavoisier/Prout/Liebig/Dumas (1788-1841)

1828-1851 Isomerism
Radical (Dualistic) vs. Type (Unitary, Substitution) Theory

 Wöhler/Berzelius Letters about Urea (1828)
Wöhler's Urea Paper (analysis and isomerism preview) (1828)
Berzelius Coins the Term Isomeric (1830)
Wöhler/Berzelius on Liebig, Isomerism, & Organic Chemistry (1830-35)
Wöhler/Liebig Discovery of Benzoyl Radical (by analysis) (1832)
Dumas's Panegyric on the Radical Theory (1837)
Simple Alkane Etymology
Wöhler's Spoof of the Type Theory (1840)
Competing Views of Organic Chemistry (~1851)

1858-1860s Constitution
"Nature and Sequence of Bonds"

Couper On a New Chemical Theory (1858)
Kekulé on the Superiority of his Sausage Formulae (1865)
Other Molecular Diagrams and Models (mid 1860s)
Cannizzaro on Models (1872)

1869-1880 Configuration
"Arrangement of Atoms in Space"

Paternò's Tetrahedral Carbons (1869)
Lieben to Paternò on Atoms in Space (1869)
Koerner Proves 6-fold Symmetry of Benzene (1869)
van't Hoff's Tetrahedral Carbon (configuration) (1875)
Kolbe's Criticism of van't Hoff (1877)

1885- Conformation
"Strain Energy"

Baeyer Proposes Strain Theory (1885)
Sachse Identifies Conformational Isomers; Baeyer objects (1890-93)
Fischer on Models and the Fischer Projection (1891)
Mohr Vindicates Sachse (1918)

Last year's first exam will give you an idea of what kind of exam to expect next Wednesday. There will be differences: we have not covered functional group names this year (Question 1), but we spent more time on Lewis structures and resonance, and I hope (probably in vain) to touch very briefly on atoms on Monday (Section V of Quantum Mechanics). In general the exam is designed to spend time proportional to the time spent in lectures. We will soon be announcing review sessions for the exam. I will lead one on Monday evening.

 A number of former Chem 125 students have enjoyed volunteering with DEMOS, an undergraduate organization that does science demonstrations in New Haven elementary schools. (In fact a freshman founded DEMOS in 1986, while he was taking Chem 125.) They are having an organizational meeting on Wednesday Sept. 20, 2000, at 9:30pm in LC 317. The Coordinator is Ruma Rajbhandari. Click here to visit the DEMOS website.

Class List for help in finding Problem Set Partners

Onslaught of Quantum Mechanics

For class on Wednesday you should begin to read Sections I-IV of the QMech web page.
This stuff is not as difficult as it is unfamiliar. But it is very unfamiliar and counterintuitive, so you need as much exposure as you can get as soon as possible. My guess is at the beginning you will not really understand just from the reading, but it will help you get the most out of the three lectures and the problem set before the first exam if you read it first (and repeatedly).
The quantum mechanical problem set for Monday is demanding. It requires using a Mac computer program that will be demonstrated Wednesday and Thursday evening at the Phelps Cluster. You can download the program "Erwin Meets Goldilocks" (Erwin.hqx under Materials under Chem 125 at classes.yale.edu).
Even if you don't have a Mac you will want to download the
Erwin2000Instructions.doc from the same site. This Microsoft Word document contains both instructions for using Erwin and the problem set. Unless you are able, like Josh Dunn last year and Srini Viswanathan this year but unlike me, to use a Macintosh emulator on your PC (Click here for Srini's Instructions), you will find it easier to locate a Mac on which to run the program. Click here for detailed instructions for launching Erwin on a Mac in a cluster.

Syllabus and exam dates

Comments and Questions on Chapter 1 of text.

What Monday's Lecture will be about.

Two things wrong with Lewis's Cubic Octet
This page links to stuff about force laws and Earnshaw's Theorem

The material projected during Wednesday's lecture is available for download as a PowerPoint presentation on the Classes website for Chem 125a. It is in a folder entitled "Yale Only" in the materials section. This file is for use of Chem 125 students and is not to be distributed outside of Yale.

This web page is from last year. An updated one for 2000-2001 is under construction. Outdated material is left on this page to allow students to get a flavor of what's coming.

Look at the bottom of the page for revised advice from alumni and alumni helper lists.



sample questions at Classes.Yale.Edu
under Materials as

1997ans.doc
1997quest.doc

19982ans.doc
19982quest.doc

1998ans.doc
1998quest.doc

The NMR Time Scale

Colorado Physics 2000 Website demonstrates how tomography works
The Rib-Cage Demonstration (the punch line)
The Whole CAT Tutorial
(For MRI the 1-D density profiles are generated by precession of water protons in a graded magnetic field. The radio signal strength at a given frequenct reports how much water is on a plane where the magnetic field has a particular strength. Also the result is compiled by rotating the magnetic inhomogeneity in 3-D, rather than just the 2-D of the demonstration.)

Note that the Pentavalent Carbon Cation page below was updated on Feb 16.

 

 

Ethanol vs. Ethoxide as SN2 Nucleophile

Pentavalent Carbon Cation and SN2 (revised)

The spring syllabus should be on-line soon, but for the meantime you may need to be reminded of the Spring exam dates:

January 31 (Monday)

February 25 (Friday)

April 5 (Wednesday)

Final exam: May 4 (Thursday, 2 pm)


Everything Below is from Fall 1999

Final Exam answers and statistics available for download as Microsoft Word file under Chem 125 at Classes.yale.edu

Third exam statistics

 

Chem3D Problems for Monday

Warning about non-spherical atoms

Thoughts on the Utility of Computation, Experiment & History

Instructions on Stereo Viewing

CIP & Vladimir Prelog

Simple Alkane Etymology
Gomberg Talk - PowerPoint download (1900)
Gomberg's Homes in Ann Arbor

Note: the Time Line doesn't work yet - go to 1998 version for preview (below)


This page is being updated on the fly for 1999-2000. To preview topics click here for the 1998 version.

Answers for 2nd Exam

Instructions for using MacSpartan to really see the form of MOs.

Valence MOs of some molecules with functional groups HOMO/LUMOs.(HF, CH3F, H2C=O, LUMO analogies (HF, CH3F, C2H5F)).

XH3 Hybridization and Structure. Theory and experimental evidence from spectroscopy.

Understanding the role of Overlap and Energy Match in bonding, from the perspective of the tunnelling proton in an harmonic double minimum. A modified version of the lecture handout.

Overlap of pure and hybrid carbon orbitals at various distances : Graph and Explanation.

Understanding the covalent bond in H2. How good is the MO = <2-1/2 (1sA + 1sB) idea?

Here is our version of Quantum Mechanics for atoms and bonds.

Here is the answer key for the first hour exam. If after looking it over, you have questions about the substance of the answer, or about how your exam was graded, speak first to the individual who graded it and then to Dr. McBride. Questions 1-4 were graded by Mr. Sche; 5,8,10 by Dr. McBride; 6,7,9 by Mr. Ostrovsky.

Preliminary reading on Quantum Mechanics This is duplicated in the more comprehensive document coming later, but it would be very helpful for you to read this before the Thursday demonstration (7:30-9:30 Phelps Gate Cluster, more or less continuous showing) and before the Wednesday lecture.

Click here to download Erwin.zip containing the Macintosh program "Erwin Meets Goldilocks" and the Problem Set for Monday, Sept. 18 (as a Microsoft Word file). Let me know if you have difficulty. Josh Dunn has figured out how to run Erwin on a PC.

One of the most persisten themes of advice from your predecessors in Chem 125 is that it is crucial to work with others in the course. To help you find others to work with, here is a CLASS LIST, sorted by phone number, which in general denotes proximity. (This list is accessible only from IP addresses within the yale.edu domain)

Seeing Atoms and Bonds: Optics and X-Ray Diffraction

Feeling Molecules and Atoms: Scanning Probe Microscopy 

Two things wrong with Lewis's Cubic Octet

Others are involved in SMArT which helps students in New Haven middle schools. They are meeting Thursday, Sept. 9 at 7PM in the Davenport Common Room. Here is the SMArT website.

To take this course you must be a freshman, and
you must have been placed into it on the basis of the
Chemistry Placement Examination
 
 

Syllabus and Course Mechanics
 
 

Help Available from Chem 125 Alum Volunteers (available only from IP addresses in Yale domain)

Advice from Alumni
(being updated)

The first subject of the course is how we know about the existence of atoms, molecules, bonds. One topic (in honor of the Kansas Board of Education and the Millennium) will be the role of authority in science. If you wish to read to get a head start you can preview the following, which will be assigned as reading at the first lecture:

Seeing Atoms with the Mind's Eye


Comments? j.mcbride@yale.edu

copyright © 2000 J.M.McBride