What's New:
History (how we learned about organic chemistry)
Why
we study chemical history
Prerevolutionary
contributions - Scheele
Lavoisier: Portrait,
Preface,
Elements
& Oxidation,
Calorimeter,
Quantitation
Combustion
Analysis
Lavoisier/Prout/Liebig/Dumas
(1788-1841)
Last year's first exam will give you an idea of what kind of exam to expect next Wednesday. There will be differences: we have not covered functional group names this year (Question 1), but we spent more time on Lewis structures and resonance, and I hope (probably in vain) to touch very briefly on atoms on Monday (Section V of Quantum Mechanics). In general the exam is designed to spend time proportional to the time spent in lectures. We will soon be announcing review sessions for the exam. I will lead one on Monday evening.
A number of former Chem 125 students have enjoyed volunteering with DEMOS, an undergraduate organization that does science demonstrations in New Haven elementary schools. (In fact a freshman founded DEMOS in 1986, while he was taking Chem 125.) They are having an organizational meeting on Wednesday Sept. 20, 2000, at 9:30pm in LC 317. The Coordinator is Ruma Rajbhandari. Click here to visit the DEMOS website.
Onslaught of Quantum Mechanics
For class on Wednesday you should begin to read
Sections I-IV of the
QMech web page.
This stuff is not as difficult as it is
unfamiliar. But it is very unfamiliar and counterintuitive, so you
need as much exposure as you can get as soon as possible. My guess is
at the beginning you will not really understand just from the
reading, but it will help you get the most out of the three lectures
and the problem set before the first exam if you read it first (and
repeatedly).
The
quantum mechanical problem
set for Monday is demanding. It
requires using a Mac computer program that will be demonstrated
Wednesday and Thursday evening at the Phelps Cluster. You can
download the program "Erwin Meets Goldilocks"
(Erwin.hqx
under Materials under Chem 125 at
classes.yale.edu).
Even if you don't have a Mac you will want to download the
Erwin2000Instructions.doc
from the same site. This Microsoft Word document contains both
instructions for using Erwin and the problem set. Unless you are
able, like Josh
Dunn last year and Srini
Viswanathan this year but unlike me, to use a Macintosh emulator on
your PC (Click
here for Srini's Instructions), you
will find it easier to locate a Mac on which to run the program.
Click here for detailed instructions for launching
Erwin on a Mac in a
cluster.
Comments and Questions on Chapter 1 of text.
What Monday's Lecture will be about.
Two
things wrong with Lewis's Cubic Octet
This page links to stuff about
force laws and Earnshaw's Theorem
The material projected during Wednesday's lecture is available for download as a PowerPoint presentation on the Classes website for Chem 125a. It is in a folder entitled "Yale Only" in the materials section. This file is for use of Chem 125 students and is not to be distributed outside of Yale.
This web page is from last year. An updated one for 2000-2001 is under construction. Outdated material is left on this page to allow students to get a flavor of what's coming.
Look at the bottom of the page for revised advice from alumni and alumni helper lists.
Exam Help Sessions
sample questions at Classes.Yale.Edu
under Materials as
1997ans.doc
1997quest.doc
19982ans.doc
19982quest.doc
1998ans.doc
1998quest.doc
Colorado Physics 2000 Website demonstrates how
tomography works
The
Rib-Cage Demonstration (the punch
line)
The
Whole CAT Tutorial
(For MRI the 1-D density profiles are generated by precession of
water protons in a graded magnetic field. The radio signal strength
at a given frequenct reports how much water is on a plane where the
magnetic field has a particular strength. Also the result is compiled
by rotating the magnetic inhomogeneity in 3-D, rather than just the
2-D of the demonstration.)
Note that the Pentavalent Carbon Cation page below was updated on Feb 16.
Ethanol vs. Ethoxide as SN2 Nucleophile
Pentavalent Carbon Cation and SN2 (revised)
The spring syllabus should be on-line soon, but for the meantime you may need to be reminded of the Spring exam dates:
February 25 (Friday)
April 5 (Wednesday)
Final exam: May 4 (Thursday, 2 pm)
Everything Below is from Fall 1999
Final Exam answers and statistics available for download as Microsoft Word file under Chem 125 at Classes.yale.edu
Chiral Drugs: Thalidomide & Ritalin (try the problem at the end)
Butane Strain according to Chem3D
Warning about non-spherical atoms
Thoughts on the Utility of Computation, Experiment & History
Instructions on Stereo Viewing
Simple
Alkane Etymology
Wöhler/Liebig
Discovery of Benzoyl Radical
(by analysis) (1832)
(UPDATED)
Kekulé
on the Superiority of his Sausage Formulae
(1865)
Other
Molecular Diagrams and Models (mid 1860s)
Paternò's
Tetrahedral Carbons (1869)
Lieben
to Paternò on Atoms in Space (1869)
Koerner
Proves 6-fold Symmetry of Benzene (1869)
van't
Hoff's Tetrahedral Carbon (configuration)
(1875)
Kolbe's
Criticism of van't Hoff (1877)
Baeyer
Proposes Strain Theory (1885)
Sachse
Identifies Conformational Isomers; Baeyer
objects (1890-93)
Fischer
on Models and the Fischer Projection
(1891)
Mohr
Vindicates Sachse (1918)
Gomberg
Talk - PowerPoint download (1900)
Gomberg's
Homes in Ann Arbor
Note: the Time Line doesn't work yet - go to 1998 version for preview (below)
This page is being updated on the fly
for 1999-2000. To preview topics click here for the
1998
version.
HISTORY OF THE MOLECULAR MODEL FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Simple
Alkane Etymology
Wöhler/Berzelius
Letters about Urea
(1828)
Wöhler's
Urea Paper
(analysis and isomerism preview)
(1828)
Berzelius
Coins the Term Isomeric
(1830)
Wöhler/Berzelius
on Liebig, Isomerism, & Organic
Chemistry
(1830-35)
Wöhler/Liebig
Discovery of Benzoyl Radical
(by analysis)
(1832)
Dumas's
Panegyric on the Radical Theory
(1837)
Wöhler's
Spoof of the Type Theory (1840)
Competing
Views of Organic Chemistry (~1851)
Couper
On a New Chemical Theory (1858)
Answers
for 2nd Exam
Instructions for using MacSpartan to really see the form of MOs.
Valence MOs of some molecules with functional groups HOMO/LUMOs.(HF, CH3F, H2C=O, LUMO analogies (HF, CH3F, C2H5F)).
XH3 Hybridization and Structure. Theory and experimental evidence from spectroscopy.
Understanding the role of Overlap and Energy Match in bonding, from the perspective of the tunnelling proton in an harmonic double minimum. A modified version of the lecture handout.
Overlap of pure and hybrid carbon orbitals at various distances : Graph and Explanation.
Understanding the covalent bond in H2. How good is the MO = <2-1/2 (1sA + 1sB) idea?
Here is the answer key for the first hour exam. If after looking it over, you have questions about the substance of the answer, or about how your exam was graded, speak first to the individual who graded it and then to Dr. McBride. Questions 1-4 were graded by Mr. Sche; 5,8,10 by Dr. McBride; 6,7,9 by Mr. Ostrovsky.
Preliminary reading on Quantum Mechanics This is duplicated in the more comprehensive document coming later, but it would be very helpful for you to read this before the Thursday demonstration (7:30-9:30 Phelps Gate Cluster, more or less continuous showing) and before the Wednesday lecture.
Click here to download Erwin.zip containing the Macintosh program "Erwin Meets Goldilocks" and the Problem Set for Monday, Sept. 18 (as a Microsoft Word file). Let me know if you have difficulty. Josh Dunn has figured out how to run Erwin on a PC.
One of the most persisten themes of advice from your predecessors in Chem 125 is that it is crucial to work with others in the course. To help you find others to work with, here is a CLASS LIST, sorted by phone number, which in general denotes proximity. (This list is accessible only from IP addresses within the yale.edu domain)
Feeling Molecules and Atoms: Scanning Probe Microscopy
Others are involved in SMArT which helps students in New Haven middle schools. They are meeting Thursday, Sept. 9 at 7PM in the Davenport Common Room. Here is the SMArT website.
Help Available from Chem 125 Alum Volunteers (available only from IP addresses in Yale domain)
Advice from
Alumni
(being updated)
The first subject of the course is how we know about the existence of atoms, molecules, bonds. One topic (in honor of the Kansas Board of Education and the Millennium) will be the role of authority in science. If you wish to read to get a head start you can preview the following, which will be assigned as reading at the first lecture:
|
|